تاريخ الأمريكان .. والطمع فى المكان !!

[achnaton]

أحيانا لما الخيبة تتقل وتزيد .. نقول عنها خيبة بالويبة .. ورغم أنى قرأت كتب بثقل جسمى زمان .. ( لأنى حاليا هفتان ) لم يصادفنى أن خديوى مصر اسماعيل باشا .. صديق ديلسبس .. خان صداقته لفرنسا .. وإستعان بضباط من الجيش الأمريكى لتدريب وقيادة الجيش المصرى ..! صحيح عمل كثير لمصر .. ولكن التاريخ لن يغفر له الحفرة التى أسقط فيها المحروسة .. والحكاية الغريبة أن فى احد صفحات النت التى صممت ونشرت فى برلين تحت عنوان غريب تماما عن صياغة التاريخ .. ولابد للمرء أن ينكش فى الظاهر ليصل الى الباطن .. وترجع المحاولة الأمريكية لإعادة صياغة تاريخ المحروسة منذ عهد سعيد باشا والى مصر وانتهاءا بعهد توفيق .. عندما سارعت انجلترا بإحتلال المحروسة وقطعت الطريق على الأمريكان ..

والكلام ده كان من منتصف القرن التاسع عشر .. يعنى سنة 1859 وحتى عام 1899 وقد رأيت أنها مادة ظريفة الواحد يتسلى بها فى رمضان .. وسأترك لكم الإبحار مثلى فى تلك الصفحة لسببين .. اولهما ضيق الوقت المخصص لى للدخول الى النت ..

وثانيهما .. الأصرار الغريب للأطباء أن نكشى فى الكتب والجرائد والنت هم السبب الرئيسى فى مرضى .. وقطعا فيه بين أصدقائنا الكرام من يتكرم بمواصلة عرض الموضوع .. خاصة وأن بعض الصفحات باللغة العربية ..

ومصر منذ زمن طويل هدف من أهداف لصوص ارض الهنود الحمر ..

تمنياتى لطك جميعا بابحار هادىء .. وسرد لطيف منكم يبين ابعاد هدف تزوير التاريخ ..

وحتى أسهل عليكم الأمر للوصول الى المستخبى .. عندما تفتح الصفحة ستجد شريطا متحرك الى اليسار .. به كثير من الرموز والصور.. أضغط بالماوس على صورة نفرتيتى فتفتح لك صفحة عن مصر .. اضغط فى الفهرس الشمال على كلمة : History ثم على جملة

Americans in the Egyption Army

وبالهنا والشفا .. وفيما يلى الرابط :

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صورة الحديوى اسماعيل

"" الجدول الزمنى ""

1859 American colonel William Loring travels to Europe, the Middle East and Egypt. He meets Egypt’s ruler, Saïd. Construction begins on the Suez Canal.

1861 The American Civil War begins. Egyptian cotton exports begin to skyrocket.

1862 Saïd dies; Ismail becomes Viceroy of Egypt.

1865 The Civil War ends. Bottom falls out of the Egyptian cotton market.

1866 Ismail purchases the right of primogeniture from the Ottomans.

1867 Ismail purchases the title of Khedive from the Ottomans. In a meeting with Ismail, French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi proposes the construction of a large statue at the entrance of the Suez Canal. While not commissioned, the project will lead to the creation of America’s Statue of Liberty.

1868 Ismail meets Thaddeus Mott in Constantinople. Mott convinces the Khedive to use American Civil War veterans to help modernize the Egyptian army.

1869 The Suez Canal opens amid great fanfare. Mott enlists the aid of William Sherman to find volunteers for the Egyptian army. Their first recruit is William Loring. Ismail is forced to turn over his new ironclad ships to the Ottoman Empire.

1870 Loring and Henry Hopkins Sibley arrive in Egypt. They are soon followed by another 18 Americans. Charles Stone begins establishing schools for the men in each army battalion.

1871 Loring is put in charge of Egypt’s coastal defenses, including Alexandria. Aida debuts at the Cairo Opera House.

1872 William Sherman visits Egypt. The shooting affray in Alexandria takes place. King John is named emperor of Ethiopia.

1873 Cornelius Hunt becomes the first American to die in the service of Egypt. Free schools for the education of soldiers’ sons are opened.

1874 Ismail gives Charles “Chinese” Gordon control of the Sudan and equatorial regions. Charles Chaillé-Long travels to Uganda to establish relations with King M’Tesa. On the return journey, he discovers Lake Kioga. Ismail spends some $15 million on the weddings of three of his children.

1875 The last large influx of American officers, as 11 more arrive. American-led expeditions explore the desert regions of Darfur and Kordofan. Søren Arendrup and much of his Egyptian expeditionary force are wiped out by King John. The Abyssinian campaign begins. Ratib Pasha is put in charge of the expedition, Loring is named second-in-command. Troops begin sailing to Massowah. With his debt problems mounting, Ismail sells more than 175,000 shares of stock in the Suez Canal to England.

1876 Henry Irgins becomes the final American to join the Egyptian army. Ratib’s army moves into Abyssinia and occupies the Gura Valley. King John attacks the invaders, and nearly routs Ratib’s main force. The Egyptians successfully repel a second Abyssinian attack. By mid-year, the Egyptians abandon the interior and return home. Two commissions begin examining Egypt’s debt problems; English and French overseers are appointed to the Egyptian Ministry of Finance.

1877 Russia and Turkey go to war; Egypt sends a token force to Bulgaria. Alexander Mason discovers the Semliki River. Loring’s anonymous account of the Gura debacle, “The Egyptian Campaign In Abyssinia,” is printed in Europe and America. Chaillé-Long publishes an account of his explorations, Central Africa: Naked Truths of Naked People. Egypt’s debt crisis worsens.

1878 Former President Ulysses Grant visits Egypt. The British and French impose financial control over the Egyptian government. The new ministry decides to eliminate more than 80 percent of the army. Nine of the ten remaining American officers are discharged from the Egyptian army, leaving only Charles Stone. Ismail turns his private property over to his creditors.

1879 Four hundred unpaid Egyptian officers riot; Ismail dismisses the foreign-controlled government. The British and French pressure the Ottoman sultan to depose the Khedive. Ismail is forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Tewfik.

1880 William Dye’s Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia is published.

1881 The Arabi revolt begins. The Mahdi begins his rebellion in the Sudan.

1882 Arabi takes control of the Ministry of War. The British and French demand his removal; riots break out across the country. The British shell Alexandria (the French do not, and lose almost all influence in Egypt). A British land force defeats Arabi at Tel-el-Kebir. In the Sudan, an Egyptian army of 6,000 is massacred by the Mahdi’s forces.

1883 An Egyptian army of 7,000 under General William Hicks is destroyed by the Mahdi near El Obeid. Charles Stone leaves the Egyptian army.

1884 Loring’s A Confederate Soldier in Egypt is published. An Egyptian army under British general Valentine Baker is defeated by the Mahdi. “Chinese” Gordon arrives in Khartoum.

1885 In January, following a ten-month siege, Gordon perishes in Khartoum. A British relief expedition belatedly arrives two days later. The Mahdi dies in June.

1886 Bartholdi’s Statue of Liberty makes its debut (with help from Charles Stone, Samuel Lockett and James Morgan). Loring passes away in New York City.

1887 Stone dies in New York.

1889 King John is killed while fighting Mahdist forces in the Sudan.

1890 Tewfik dies at the age of 50.

1895 Ismail dies in Constantinople; he is buried in Cairo.

1899 Britain finally reconquers the Sudan from the Mahdists. One of Lord Horatio Kitchener’s cavalry officers is a young Winston Churchill. William Dye passes away.

NAME EXPERIENCE EGYPTIAN RANK

Vanderbilt Allen Brevet major, U.S. Volunteers

Grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt Colonel

James Bassel Second lieutenant, U.S. Army Lt. Colonel

S. F. Cameron Chaplain in Confederate Army Major

William P. A. Campbell

Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Major

Charles Chaillé-Long

Captain, U.S. Volunteers Colonel

Raleigh E. Colston

Brigadier general, C.S. Army Colonel

John J. Coppinger

Colonel, U.S. Volunteers Captain

James A. Dennison Second lieutenant, U.S. Army Colonel

Henry C. Derrick Captain, C.S. Army Colonel

William W. Dunlap Colonel, C.S. Army Lt. Colonel

William McEntyre Dye

Brevet brig. general, U.S. Volunteers Colonel

Oscar Eugene Fechet Second lieutenant, U.S. Army Major

Charles W. Field Major general, C.S. Army Colonel

Hearnwell W. Freeman Massachusetts Captain

Charles I. Graves Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Colonel

Wilburn B. Hall Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Major

Cornelius Hunt Master’s mate, C.S. Navy Major

Henry Irgins Sergeant, U.S. Volunteers Captain

Walter H. Jenifer Colonel, C.S. Army

Inventor of the Jenifer saddle Colonel

Thomas D. Johnson Private, C.S. Volunteers

Aide to Major General Henry Heth Doctor

Beverly Kennon

Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Colonel

Robert S. Lamson Mining engineer Major

Samuel H. Lockett

Colonel, C.S. Army Colonel

William Wing Loring

Colonel, U.S. Army

Major general, C.S. Army Major General

Charles F. Loshe Lieutenant, U.S. Volunteers Major

Henry MacIver

Major, C.S. Army Colonel

Chancellor Martin Second lieutenant, U.S. Army Major

Alexander M. Mason

Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Colonel

James M. Morgan

Officer, C.S. Navy Lt. Colonel

Thaddeus P. Mott

Colonel, U.S. Volunteers Major General

Edmund Parys Acting ensign, U.S. Navy Major

David E. Porter Brevet captain, U.S. Army Captain

Henry G. Prout Massachusetts Volunteers Colonel

Erastus Sparrow Purdy

Brevet lt. colonel, U.S. Volunteers Brigadier General

Horatio B. Reed Brevet lt. colonel, U.S. Volunteers Lt. Colonel

Alexander W. Reynolds

Brigadier general, C.S. Army Colonel

Frank A. Reynolds Lt. colonel, C.S. Army

Alexander Reynolds’ son Colonel

Thomas G. Rhett Major, C.S. Army Colonel

Robert M. Rogers Captain, U.S. Volunteers Colonel

John H. Savage Colonel, C.S. Army Colonel

Richard Savage Brevet second lieutenant, U.S. Army Captain

Henry Hopkins Sibley

Brigadier general, C.S. Army Brigadier General

Sidney J. Sibley Cavalry courier, C.S. Army Lieutenant

Charles Pomeroy Stone

Brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers Major General

Carroll Tevis

Brevet brig. general, U.S. Volunteers Brigadier General

William H. Ward Lieutenant, C.S. Navy Colonel

Edward Warren Surgeon General of North Carolina Surgeon General

D. G. White Major, C.S. Army Major

William H. Wilson Asst. surgeon, 13th Ohio Cavalry Doctor

All of these men accepted actual commissions in the Egyptian Army. They agreed to fight for Egypt in any war, except one against the United States. Their pay was similar to that for the same grades in the U.S.

At least four U.S. officers (Fechet, Loshe, Rogers, and Wilson) were given leaves of absence by General of the Army William T. Sherman, allowing them to gain experience in Egypt.

Six Americans (Campbell, Hunt, Lamson, Parys, and both Alexander and Frank Reynolds) died in the service of Egypt. Five more (Irgins, Jenifer, Loshe, Purdy, and Rhett) died from diseases or circumstances related to their stint in Africa. White deserted, and was never heard from again.

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